In the ensuing fight, Clay fought off all six and, using his Bowie knife, killed Cyrus Turner.[9]. [3] Clay also advocated moving the state capitol from Frankfort to Lexington. He was a founder of the Republican Party in Kentucky and became a friend of Abraham Lincoln, whom he supported for the presidency in 1860. He gouged out Brown's eye. Cassius Marcellus Clay was an American politician and abolitionist. 22 in Lexington, Kentucky. [7] His father, a Baptist minister nicknamed "Sir John," died four years after the boy's birth (1781). No doubt he had many close calls, but one night in Kentuckywas one of the closest calls of his life. Between 1821 and 1826, the U.S. recognized all the new countries, except Uruguay (whose independence was debated and recognized only later). Cassius Clay was a member of the planter class who later became a prominent anti-slavery crusader. Spare the men; they are innocent. (1911). He relocated the family business and his four surviving children to present-day Kent, Ohio. Survivors included his daughters, Laura Clay and Mary Barr Clay, who were both women's rights activists.[20]. During the Mexican-American War, when he arrived in Mexico as captain of a company of Kentucky volunteers, he and his men were captured almost instantly by the Mexicans. WebJohn P. Parker (1827 January 30, 1900) was an American abolitionist, inventor, iron moulder and industrialist. Senators, Armistead Thomson Mason (aged 28 in 1816), and John Eaton (aged 28 in 1818). The younger Clay attended Transylvania University and then graduated from Yale College in 1832. [21] Such an age qualification issue has occurred with only two other U.S. But John Browns legend as a militant abolitionist was just beginning. Clay was a mason and member of Davies Lodge No. They were instructed that the sealed orders were to be opened only if Britain and France entered the war on the side of the Confederacy. Wejd na szczyty wyszukiwarek. In 1878 after 45 years of marriage, Clay divorced his wife, Mary Jane (Warfield) Clay, claiming abandonment after she no longer would tolerate his marital infidelities. [3] He held 60 slaves at the peak of operations, and likely produced tobacco and hemp, the two chief commodity crops of the Bluegrass Region. It threatened to secede from the Union if the Federal government tried to enforce the tariff laws. I alone am responsible." [14], Recalled to the United States in 1862 to accept a commission from Lincoln as a major general with the Union Army, Clay publicly refused to accept it unless Lincoln would agree to emancipate slaves under Confederate control. The "freedom suit" received a fair amount of attention in the press at the time. [8][9], In 1845, Clay began publishing an anti-slavery newspaper, True American, in Lexington, Kentucky. Despite having been shot in the chest, Clay tackled Brown, and with his Bowie knife removed Brown's nose and one eye and possibly an ear before he threw Brown over an embankment. He was the son of a slave mother and white father. The Civil War started before he departed and, as there were no Federal troops in Washington at the time, Clay organized a group of 300 volunteers to protect the White House and US Naval Yard from a possible Confederate attack. For the boxer who was born Cassius Marcellus Clay, Jr., see, "Clay, Cassius Marcellus", by Frank L. Klement, in, "The Political Graveyard: Index to Politicians: Clarke-street to Claytee", The Worst-Case Scenario Survival Handbook, Webster G. Tarpley: Speech for 150th Anniversary of Russian Fleets of 1863, "American Banker Wharton Barker's First-Person Account Confirms: Russian Tsar Alexander II Was Ready for War with Britain and France in 18621863 to Defend Lincoln and the Union", Newspaper article, Death Has Gripped Gen. Cassius Clay, "Muhammad Ali Never Knew Grandfather Was Jailed for 25-Cent Murder", "From the Vietnam war to Islam the key chapters in Alis life", "History website, Muhammad Ali: "Cassius Clay is my slave name", https://news.yale.edu/2016/06/09/muhammad-ali-originally-named-ardent-abolitionist-and-yale-alumnus-cassius-clay, https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/books/98/10/25/specials/ali-heritage, Original Letters: Abraham Lincoln to Cassius Marcellus Clay, 1860, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cassius_Marcellus_Clay_(politician)&oldid=1129188166, Republican Party members of the Kentucky House of Representatives, Ambassadors of the United States to Russia, 19th-century American newspaper publishers (people), American military personnel of the MexicanAmerican War, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from February 2014, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Being a prominent abolitionist and U.S. ambassador to Russia, Sarah "Sallie" Lewis Clay Bennett (18411935), Cassius Marcellus Clay, Jr. (18431843), Cassius Marcellus Clay, Jr. (18451857), This page was last edited on 24 December 2022, at 01:10. Alexander also sent a fleet of ships in the Pacific and Atlantic to the shores of the United States with sealed orders. He lost his campaigns for president in 1824, 1832 and 1844. Clay belonged to a generation for whom glory on the battlefieldwas the ultimate achievement. Henry Clay helped establish and became president in 1816 of the American Colonization Society, a group that wanted to establish a colony for free American blacks in Africa; it founded Monrovia, in what became Liberia, for that purpose. Hampered by a crippled hand, Wythe chose Clay as his secretary. A group of men, led by Owen Brown, was able to kidnap Washington, while the rest of the men, with John Brown at the lead, began a raid on Harpers Ferry to seize both weapons and pro-slavery leaders in the town. It is unknown if the brothers had planned what happened next, or if they had simply come to see Clay and were infuriated by his speech. Geni requires JavaScript! Wydanie II, Matt Cutts na temat zasady first link count, jakimi zasadami kierowa si przy linkowaniu, 8. [9] Elizabeth had seven more children with Watkins, bearing a total of sixteen. It was at Yale that Clay heard abolitionist William Lloyd Garrison speak. After he was executed, his wife, Mary Ann (Day) took John Brown's body to the family farm in upstate New York for burial. Clay was physically exhausted; the tuberculosis that would eventually kill him began to take its toll. Four major candidates, including Clay, sought the office of president. ACTIVITIES His family home, White Hall, is maintained by the Commonwealth of Kentucky as White Hall State Historic Shrine. In 1853, Clay granted 10 acres of his expansive lands to John G. Fee, an abolitionist who founded the town of Berea. Copyright (c) Clay Family Society, Inc - site designed by John Clay - - powered by WordPress. The widow Elizabeth Clay married Capt. Initially, Browns business ventures were very successful, but by the 1830s his finances took a turn for the worse. Father of George Hudson Clay; Betty Hudson Clay; Sarah Watkins; John Bruce Clay; Henry Clay, US Speaker of the House, Senator, Sec'y of State and 4 others; Rev. [16], State legislator[edit] In 1803, although not old enough to be elected, Clay was appointed a representative of Fayette County in the Kentucky General Assembly. [13], Early law and political career[edit] Legal career[edit]. [37] Organization of the Utah and New Mexico territories without any slavery provisions, giving the right to determine whether to allow slavery to the territorial populations. By 1835 all six daughters had died of varying causes, two when very young, two as children, the other two as young women: from whooping cough, yellow fever, and complications of childbirth. John P. Parker, Jr., b.1949, attended Oberlin College, came home for Christmas break with pnemonia and passed away in his Sophmore Year. [8], Education[edit] His stepfather secured Clay employment in the office of the Virginia Court of Chancery, where the youth displayed an aptitude for law. While this is, of course, impossible to verify, the mere existence of the rumor speaks to both the sheer number of his duels and his skill at surviving them. Clay started printing his paper in Cincinnati, Ohio a center for abolitionists. [8] Henry Clay was a second cousin of Cassius Marcellus Clay, who became a politician and an abolitionist in Kentucky. [6] The father left Henry and his brothers two slaves each, and his wife 18 slaves and 464 acres (188 ha) of land. [27][28][29], They each had three turns. Underground Railroad Fort Sumter 4. This led Ali to conclude: "Why should I keep my white slavemaster's name visible and my black ancestors invisible, unknown, unhonored?"[25][26][27]. He was buried in Lexington Cemetery, and Theodore Frelinghuysen, Clay's vice-presidential candidate in the election of 1844, gave the eulogy. All information on the children comes from Stuart Seely Sprague, Preface to John P. Parker, John Parker Museum & Historical Society Website, "John P. Parker Museum and Historical Society", The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave, Slave Narratives: A Folk History of Slavery in the United States, Barracoon: The Story of the Last "Black Cargo", List of last surviving American enslaved people, Cotton Plantation Record and Account Book, Amazing Grace: An Anthology of Poems about Slavery, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John_Parker_(abolitionist)&oldid=1133546027, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. His anti-slavery activism earned him violent enemies. However, the younger Brown was shot by the militia and mortally wounded. On the "amalgamation" of the black and white races, Clay said that "The God of Nature, by the differences of color and physical constitution, has decreed against it. Counsellor of the Massachusetts Anti-Slavery Society, 1859-1960. They included Aaron and Charlotte Dupuy, their son Charles and daughter Mary Ann.[31]. Clay was a member of a large and influential Clay political family. [1] Their son, Green Clay Smith, became a state politician and was elected to Congress. He ran and lost again in 1832 and 1844 as the candidate of the Whig Party, which he founded and usually dominated. In 1861, Clay was appointed by President Lincoln to be the Minister to Russia. Clay frequently traveled to political rallies speaking out against slavery. Clay worked toward emancipation, both as a Kentucky state representative and as an early member of the Republican Party. Booth, a native of Maryland, was a fierce Confederate sympathizer during the Civil War. Born into slavery under the principle of partus sequitur ventrem, at the age of eight John was forced to walk to Richmond, where he was sold at the slave market to a physician from Mobile, Alabama. A colleague of Clayonce said of him,"He would fight the wind did it blow from the South side when he wanted it to blow from the North.". 2023 A&E Television Networks, LLC. He embodied the volatile, contradictory spirit of his age, and in the end Cassius Marcellus Clay went down as perhaps the most larger-than-life figure of the day. These and other events surrounding Kansas' difficult transition to statehood, made even more complicated by the issue of slavery, became known as Bleeding Kansas. While Clay was no stranger to a chaotic brawl or a drunken tussle, his conflict of choice was, as befitted a man of his era, the duel. He was one of six children who survived to adulthood, of seven born. The Browns were strict Calvinists and believed enslaving people was a sin against God. Confident he and his family could bring Kansas into the Union as a free" state for Black people, Brown went west to join his sons. Despite constant threats and attempts on his life, Clay continued speaking out for abolition wherever he could. Shortly afterward, a mob of about 60 men broke into his office and seized his printing equipment. President Lincoln gave Clay a presentation Colt revolver in recognition. Fee founded Berea College, which opened in 1855 as a one-room district school. Instead, Clay cut off Brown's nose. By passing the law, which President James Monroe signed, the U.S. Congress admitted Missouri to the Union as a state that allowed slavery, and Maine as a free read more, English soldier and explorer Captain John Smith was born in Lincolnshire and had an adventurous life as a soldier, pirate, enslaved person, colonist and authorthough many historians question the details of his life. [37] Prohibition of the slave trade, not the ownership of slaves, in the District of Columbia. John Browns Day of Reckoning. Smithsonianmag.com. Smith, is dedicated to his memory,[44] Clay's Will freed all the slaves he held. [4] They had ten children, six of whom lived to adulthood: Later, he adopted Henry Launey Clay, believed to be his son by an extra-marital relationship while in Russia.[5]. [23][24] After Ali converted to Islam he claimed that his earlier name was a "slave name" and added that "I didn't choose it and I don't want it." WebJohn Brown summary: John Brown was a radical abolitionist whose fervent hatred of slavery led him to seize the United States arsenal at Harpers Ferry in October 1859. Tarleton visited and checked the grave for buried valuables shortly after John Clay's death. Frankfort to Lexington was buried in Lexington Cemetery, and John Eaton ( 28. Society, Inc - site designed by John Clay - - powered by WordPress in... 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