[104][105], Sierra Leone is home to four terrestrial ecoregions: Guinean montane forests, Western Guinean lowland forests, Guinean forest-savanna mosaic, and Guinean mangroves. [20], Stevens assumed power as Prime Minister again in 1968, following a series of coups, with a great deal of hope and ambition. At the same time, he sent warriors to assist Bai Bureh in fighting against the British. Since the end of hostilities in January 2002, massive infusions of outside assistance have helped Sierra Leone begin to recover.[147]. Each one of Sierra Leone's 14 districts is headed by a district police commissioner who is the professional head of their respective district. The Dominion of Sierra Leone retained a parliamentary system of government and was a member of the Commonwealth of Nations. [176] Most of Sierra Leone's ethnic groups are Muslim majority, including the country's two largest ethnic groups: the Mende and Temne. The city had a population of 34,079 in the 2004 census and a 2013 estimate of 40,000. With Strasser's two most senior NPRC allies and commanders Lieutenant Sahr Sandy and Lieutenant Solomon Musa no longer around to defend him, Strasser's leadership within the NPRC's Supreme Council of State became fragile. [218], A dialysis machine, the first of its kind in the country, was donated by Israel.[219]. While the district councils are under the oversight of their respective provincial administrations, the municipalities are directly overseen by the Ministry of Local Government & Community Development and thus administratively independent of district and provincial administrations. It also borders Liberia and each of Sierra Leones five administrative regions. [32], European contacts within Sierra Leone were among the first in West Africa during the 15th century. Many Liberated Africans were so unhappy that they risked the possibility of being sold back into slavery by leaving Sierra Leone and going back to their original villages. Eventually, with some more recruitment, 411 passengers sailed to Sierra Leone in April 1787. [56][57][58][59], The settlement of Sierra Leone in the 1800s was unique in that the population was composed of displaced Africans who were brought to the colony after the British abolition of the slave trade in 1807. [209] In numbers, females present a lower per cent (6.3) versus males (15.2) when it comes to be paid employees. [257] In 2007 there were 15 daily newspapers in the country, as well as those published weekly. The executive branch of the Government of Sierra Leone, headed by the president of Sierra Leone has extensive powers and influences. These At the highest level of administration, Sierra Leone is divided into five units. The Mende predominate in South-Eastern Sierra Leone (with the exception of Kono District). The judicial power of Sierra Leone is vested in the judiciary, headed by the Chief Justice of Sierra Leone and comprising the Supreme Court of Sierra Leone, which is the highest court in the country, meaning that its rulings, therefore, cannot be appealed against. Each of the country's 14 districts is represented in parliament. English is the official language used in schools and government administration. Karefa-Smart led a prominent small minority faction within the SLPP party in opposition of Albert Margai as Prime Minister. Sierra Leone,[note 1] officially the Republic of Sierra Leone, is a country on the southwest coast of West Africa. . The district has the highest percentage, a total of 10.2%, making it the most populated in the country. Despite Makeni being ethnically diverse just as the other major cities in the country, the Temne people account for the largest ethnic group in the city and the main language is the Krio language. Fourteen clubs from across the country compete in the Sierra Leone Premier League. In other words, the population of Sierra Leone has grown almost three and half times it was in 1963 (2,180,355). In the south, the plains comprise a rolling wooded country where isolated hills rise abruptly to more than 1,000 feet (300 metres). Ten years later, on 19 April 1971, the country became a republic, with an elected President as the Head of State. The city was established by Lieutenant John Clarkson, African American ex-slaves and free people known as the Nova Scotian Settlers on March 11th, 1792, making Freetown the oldest capital created by African Americans. Some claim that Magburaka should be included in the above list, but there is considerable difference among sources. [42] William Pitt the Younger, prime minister and leader of the Tory party, had an active interest in the Scheme because he saw it as a means to repatriate the Black Poor to Africa, since "it was necessary they should be sent somewhere, and be no longer suffered to infest the streets of London". Bio is the leader of the Sierra Leone People's Party, the current ruling party in Sierra Leone. The taxes were often higher than the value of the dwellings, and 24 chiefs signed a petition to Cardew, stating how destructive this was; their people could not afford to take time off from their subsistence agriculture. She employed her capacity for friendly communications to persuade the British to give her control of the Kpaa Mende chiefdom. Stevens began efforts that would later improve transportation and movements between the provinces and the city of Freetown. [159] There is also potential for several new hydroelectric plants to be opened on the Sewa River, Pampana River, Seli River, Moa River, and Little Scarcies. 49,839; Regent Urban Area: pop. As the Krio language is spoken by 90% of the country's population,[103][167] it unites all the different ethnic groups, especially in their trade and interaction with each other. In the 1972 by-elections, the opposition SLPP complained of intimidation and procedural obstruction by the APC and militia. [28] The use of iron was adopted by the ninth century, and by 1000 AD, agriculture was being practised along the coast. In June 2005, the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB) and BirdLife International agreed to support a conservation-sustainable development project in the Gola Forest in south eastern Sierra Leone,[113] an important surviving fragment of rainforest in Sierra Leone. [159] Amongst all these projects, both finished and potential, the Bumbuna dam still remains the largest of the hydroelectric projects in Sierra Leone. Two other commercial TV operators (ABC and AIT) closed after they were not profitable. The Sierra Leone national football team, popularly known as the Leone Stars, represents the country in international competitions. Sierra Leone is home to about sixteen ethnic groups, each with its own language. [237], According to a national survey carried out in 2006, 84% of the urban population and 32% of the rural population had access to an improved water source. They are virtually all Muslims. SAJ Musa, a childhood friend of Strasser, became the deputy chairman and deputy leader of the NPRC government. The name Yalunka literally means "inhabitants of the Jallon (mountains)". Koroma was re-elected president for a second (and final) term in November 2012. Educated Krios held numerous positions in the colonial government, giving them status and well-paying positions. About 400 black and 60 white colonists reached Sierra Leone on 15 May 1787. The reasons for the significant differences between the 2015 and 2021 figures are unclear. 267,266. While free health care may be provided in some villages, the medical staff is poorly paid and sometimes charge for their services, taking advantage of the fact that the villagers are not aware of their right to free medical care. [131] Typically, chiefs have the power to "raise taxes, control the judicial system, and allocate land, the most important resource in rural areas. Sir Milton Margai became Sierra Leone's first prime minister. The president is the most powerful government official in Sierra Leone.[114]. This is due to substandard safety standards.[154]. The 1898 Hut Tax rebellion occurred as a response to British attempts to impose an annual tax on all houses in the country. SLBC transmits radio on FM and has two television services, one of which is uplinked by satellite for international consumption. As of 19 October 2014, there had been 3,706 cases of Ebola in Sierra Leone, and 1,259 deaths, including that of the leading physician trying to control the outbreak, Sheik Umar Khan. The Hidden Discrimination Against American Roma, The 10 Largest Football Stadiums in the World (Soccer). The Western Area Urban District exclusively comprises the entire city of Freetown, the national capital, and its divided into the . The central African countries are the most prevalent of EVD; like the Democratic Republic of Congo, Sudan, Uganda, and Gabon[239], In 2014 there was an outbreak of the Ebola virus in West Africa. The Paramount Chiefs are influential, particularly in villages and small rural towns. Freetown In total, there are 20 cities in Sierra Leone. ", "BBC On This Day | 27 | 1961: Sierra Leone wins independence", "Politicized security forces or tribalized national politics; which is which? Law enforcement in Sierra Leone is primarily the responsibility of the Sierra Leone Police (SLP), which is accountable to the Minister of Internal Affairs (appointed by the president). [221] The founding members of the Coalition included the Sierra Leone Red Cross Society (the first chairing organisation), LFR International (proposed the formation), the University of Makeni, Agency for Rural Community Transformation, and the Holy Spirit Hospital. The Creoles, a descendant from the Nova Scotia, Maroons and Recaptives. Pressures to end colonialism had as much to do with Britains weakened position following World War II as it did with the pan-African demands for autonomy. Many sufferers try to cure themselves with the help of traditional healers. The Sierra Leonean Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation is responsible for foreign policy of Sierra Leone. [50] The initial process of society-building in Freetown was a harsh struggle. Its numerous creeks and estuaries contain mangrove swamps. [160] This initiative falls under the Energy Africa access campaign which seeks to provide electricity to 14 different African countries by 2030. The RSLMF was renamed as the Armed Forces of the Republic of Sierra Leone (AFRSL). Bombali became one of the most heavily affected districts in Sierra Leone, with 873 confirmed patients with Ebola during July-November 2014. In the north, it comprises featureless seasonal swamps known as Bolilands (boli being a Temne word for those lands that are flooded in the rainy season and dry and hard in the dry season and on which only grass can grow). Falaba District Falaba District is a district in the Northern Province of Sierra Leone. The districts are further divided into 190 chiefdoms, which perform some local government functions. Freetown, a major port city on the Atlantic Ocean, is the biggest and capital city of Sierra Leone. A traditional leader from each district has a seat in the countrys parliament, and each district is governed by an elected council. The Sierra Leone People's Party (SLPP) won a plurality of seats in parliament, and Milton Margai was re-elected as prime minister. Current ratio of men and women in absolute and relative values in Bo District, Sierra Leone. [55]:34,223255, These Liberated Africans were from many areas of Africa, but principally the west coast. With the emergence of the slave trade, human trafficking became the major commodity and indigenes were sold as slaves. Hence, the country formally became known as the Sierra Leone Colony and Protectorate or simply British Sierra Leone. Black migrants elected different levels of political representatives, 'tithingmen', who represented each dozen settlers and 'hundreders' who represented larger amounts. On 19 July 1975, 14 senior army and government officials, including David Lansana, former cabinet minister Mohamed Sorie Forna (father of writer Aminatta Forna), Brigadier General Ibrahim Bash Taqi and Lieutenant Habib Lansana Kamara were executed after being convicted of attempting a coup to topple president Stevens' government. One of the most popular tourist destinations in Sierra Leone is located in this province: Outamba-Kilimi National Park. Unpublished master's dissertation (London: Open University, 2013), pp. They are locally known as Sierra Leonean-Lebanese. Media in Sierra Leone began with the introduction of the first printing press in Africa at the start of the 19th century. The Operation was successful with Indian and British Special Forces being the main contingents. Several mudslides occurred in the early hours of 14 August 2017 in and near the country's capital Freetown. Freetown, a major port city on the Atlantic Ocean, is the biggest and capital city of Sierra Leone. Sierra Leone's former Vice-President Alhaji Samuel Sam-Sumana is an ethnic Kono. [29] Over time, the climate changed considerably, altering boundaries between different ecological zones, affecting migration and conquest. Strasser replaced Musa as deputy NPRC chairman with Captain Bio, who was instantly promoted by Strasser to brigadier. The Temne are said to have migrated from Futa Jallon, which is in present-day Guinea. The national capital Freetown sits on a coastal peninsula, situated next to the Sierra Leone Harbour. 14 are rural, with the capital Freetown divided into 2 districts. It also has one of the lowest population densities in the country with just over 400,000 people recorded in the 2015 census. ITV and SATCON are currently operational. Koidu Town is home to two of the ten most rough and largest diamonds in the world and was found in the Woyie River which flows through the city. Many senior officers in the Sierra Leone Army were greatly disappointed with Stevens' policies and his handling of the Sierra Leone Military, but none could confront Stevens. The SLPP, which was then the most popular political party in the colony of Sierra Leone as well as being supported by the powerful paramount chiefs in the provinces, won the most seats in Parliament and Margai was re-elected as Chief Minister by a landslide. The African country of Sierra Leone is divided into five major areas. Its also the seat of the Sierra Leone government. Formal exports have dramatically improved since the civil war, with efforts to improve the management of them having some success. Covering a total area of 71,740km2 (27,699sqmi),[12] Sierra Leone has a tropical climate, with diverse environments ranging from savanna to rainforests. The districts of Sierra Leone The provinces of Sierra Leone are divided into 16 districts. Some of that is smuggled, where it is possibly used for money laundering or financing illicit activities. Bunce Island, an island on the Sierra Leone River, was used as a base for European slavers as a place for slave ships to dock before sailing via the Middle Passage to the Americas. Bo is closely behind Kenema with 10.0%, whilst Western Rural, Kono and Western Area Urban with 8.8%, 8.2%, and 8.1% are third, fourth and fifth respectively. The country is among the top ten diamond producing nations. The Oku people are related to the Krio and primarily reside in the communities of Fourah Bay, Fula Town, and Aberdeen in Freetown. In the late 18th century, many African Americans claimed the protection of the British Crown. Four of the Sierra Leone regions are provinces, and the capital city is located on a peninsula called the Western Area. There are five hundred Ahmadiyya Mosque across Sierra Leone. Freetown is located in the Western region of the country and it is a major port city on the Atlantic Ocean besides being the capital city of Sierra Leone. [13] Freetown is the capital and largest city. The next few years under the Momoh administration were characterised by corruption, which Momoh defused by sacking several senior cabinet ministers. The Criminal Libel Law, including Seditious Libel Law of 1965, is used to control what is published in the media. Freetown is Sierra Leone's political, economic, cultural, financial, and educational center. [264] The city has a lot to offer to tourists. The Krios are virtually all Christians at about 99%. With the Eastern Province, this is one of two provinces in the country without a coastline. [68] A notable event in 1935 was the granting of a monopoly on mineral mining to the Sierra Leone Selection Trust, run by De Beers. It was founded in 1792 by abolitionist John Clarkson and was settled by freed slaves from various parts of the world whose descendants are known as the Sierra Leone Creole people. On 5 July 1994 SAJ Musa, who was popular among the general population, particularly in Freetown, was arrested and sent into exile after he was accused of planning a coup to topple Strasser, an accusation SAJ Musa denied. In addition to information about the provinces of Sierra Leone, well also look at how many districts are in Sierra Leone and data relating to each. The country is home to the Sierra Leone Inter-Religious Council, which is made up of both Christian and Muslim religious leaders to promote peace and tolerance throughout the country. [165], English is the official language,[166] spoken at schools, government administration and in the media. Descendants of seventeenth- and eighteenth-century Fula migrant settlers from the Fouta Djalon region of Guinea, they live primarily in the northeast and the western area of Sierra Leone. The Sierra Leonean-Lebanese community are primarily traders and they mostly live in middle-class households in the urban areas, primarily in Freetown, Bo, Kenema, Koidu Town and Makeni. [79] Due to the lack of access to basic education, women are the least prepared when it comes to processing business licences, registering names or contracting. Accordingly, they began to consider Sir Albert a threat to the ruling houses across the country. The district has both highlands and lowlands. The country is bordered by Guinea to the north and east, Liberia to the southeast, and the Atlantic Ocean to the west and southwest.[102]. They resisted payment of taxes, tensions over the new colonial requirements and the administration's suspicions towards the chiefs, led to the Hut Tax war of 1898, also called the Temne-Mende War. Sierra Leone's former defense minister Alfred Paolo Conteh is an ethnic Limba. [116] The Sierra Leone parliament is led by the Speaker of Parliament, who is the overall leader of Parliament and is directly elected by sitting members of parliament. To be elected president of Sierra Leone, a candidate must gain at least 55% of the vote. In 1792 nearly 1,200 persons from Nova Scotia crossed the Atlantic to build the second (and only permanent) Colony of Sierra Leone and the settlement of Freetown on 11 March 1792. Under President Stevens, the SSD had been a powerful personal force used to maintain his hold on power, independent from the Sierra Leone Military and Sierra Leone Police Force. According to the report, Sierra Leones population has increased by 6.4%, since the last census in 2015. In Freetown there no particular ethnic group that dominates the population since it is home to all of Sierra Leone's people. Within a month they had driven RUF fighters back to enclaves along Sierra Leone's borders and cleared the RUF from the Kono diamond-producing areas of Sierra Leone. The three districts of the North West Province are: Sierra Leones Western Area is the only region in the country to not have an international border. [39], In January 1787, the Atlantic and the Belisarius set sail for Sierra Leone, but bad weather forced them to divert to Plymouth, during which time about 50 passengers died. Area: 77.1 mile - 124.1 km radius. Antagonism between the two entities escalated to a heated debate in 1947, when proposals were introduced to provide for a single political system for both the Colony and the Protectorate. Just like Freetown and Bo, Kenema is home to an ethnically diverse population whose main dialect is the Krio language. The Kono are descendants of migrants from Guinea; today their workers are known primarily as diamond miners. Sir Albert's leadership was briefly challenged by Foreign Minister John Karefa-Smart, who questioned Sir Albert's succession to the SLPP leadership position. All maps, graphics, flags, photos and original descriptions 2023 worldatlas.com. Within days, Freetown was overwhelmed by the presence of the RUF combatants who came to the city in thousands. One of the first ethnic groups to become educated according to Western traditions, they have traditionally been appointed to positions in the civil service, beginning during the colonial years. Where is Sierra Leone located? Islam was introduced by Susu traders, merchants and migrants from the north and east, becoming widely adopted in the 18th century. We operate Wellbody Clinic; support Koidu Government Hospital (KGH), Kono's only hospital; and are supporting smaller public primary . Setting: Twenty-seven peripheral health units, five secondary hospitals and one tertiary hospital, Western Area District, Sierra Leone.Objectives: To describe reporting systems, monthly attendances and facility-based patterns of six non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in the pre-Ebola and Ebola virus disease outbreak periods.Design: A cross-sectional study using programme data. The Njala University is the second largest university in Sierra Leone located in Bo city. [citation needed] Stevens also reduced ethnic polarisation in government by incorporating members of various ethnic groups into his all-dominant APC government. On the voyage between Plymouth and Sierra Leone, 96 passengers died. On 20 April 1960, Milton Margai led a 24-member Sierra Leonean delegation at constitutional conferences that were held with the Government of Queen Elizabeth II and British Colonial Secretary Iain Macleod in negotiations for independence held in London. Bulletin of the World Health Organization 90.2 (2012): 120-127F. [79] His father was a Yalunka paramount chief of Solima, a prosperous chieftaincy. Sierra Leone has a total area of 71,740km2 (27,699sqmi), divided into a land area of 71,620km2 (27,653sqmi) and water of 120km2 (46sqmi). Nearly 20,000 Liberian refugees voluntarily returned to Liberia over the course of 2007. The Susu and Yalunka kingdom was established in the early fifth seventh century[clarification needed] before the Mali empire, which was extended from Mali, Senegal, Guinea Bissau, Guinea Conakry to the northern part of Sierra Leone. [150] Rice is the most important staple crop in Sierra Leone with 85 per cent of farmers cultivating rice during the rainy season[151] and an annual consumption of 76kg per person.[152]. Nwauwa, Apollos O. The provinces of Sierra Leone are divided into 14 districts. [148] Agriculture accounted for 58 per cent of gross domestic product (GDP) in 2007. The northern section of this has been categorised by the World Wildlife Fund as part of the Guinean forest-savanna mosaic ecoregion, while the south is rain-forested plains and farmland. [126] The military seized control in 1968, bringing the National Reformation Council into power. General Tarawalie was also a strong loyalist and key Momoh supporter. To be qualified as a Member of Parliament, the person must be a citizen of Sierra Leone, must be at least 21 years old, must be able to speak, read and write the English language with a degree of proficiency to enable him to actively take part in proceedings in Parliament; and must not have any criminal conviction. 131,001. [84] He cancelled Juxon-Smith's construction of a church and mosque on the grounds of Victoria Park (now known as Freetown Amusement Park since 2017). [159], In conjunction with the UK's Department for International Development (DFID), Sierra Leone has set the goal to provide solar power to all of its citizens by 2025. More and more of the country fell into the hands RUF fighters, and by 1994 they had gotten control of much of the diamond-rich Eastern Province and were getting close toward the capital Freetown. For her loyalty, she was awarded a silver medal by Queen Victoria. Upon Milton Margai's unexpected death in 1964, his younger half-brother, Sir Albert Margai, was appointed as Prime Minister by parliament. Prior to conducting the election, Sierra Leoneans and international stakeholders were involved in a major debate on whether the nation should focus on trying to end the long running civil war, or to conduct elections and hence returning governance back to a civilian-led administration with a multi-party system of parliament that would provide the foundation for long-lasting peace and national prosperity. By an elected president as the head of State Leonean Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation. Used to control what is published in the 18th century stevens also reduced ethnic polarisation in government incorporating! Bulletin of the government of Sierra Leone is home to an ethnically diverse population whose main dialect is the language... Human trafficking became the major commodity and indigenes were sold as slaves the report, Sierra Leones administrative., photos and original descriptions 2023 worldatlas.com 'hundreders ' who represented larger amounts several mudslides occurred in above... Included in the country in international competitions Krios are virtually all Christians at about 99.! Various ethnic groups, each with its own language, a total of 10.2 %, since the civil,... And well-paying positions between different ecological zones, affecting migration and conquest each of the compete. And each district has a seat in the 2015 census Freetown sits a. 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Karefa-Smart, who represented larger amounts re-elected president for a second ( and final ) term in 2012... In other words, the country as well as those published weekly 's former defense Minister Alfred Conteh. Obstruction by the president of Sierra Leone the provinces and the capital city is located in this:! Migrants from Guinea ; today their workers are known primarily as diamond miners major city. Africans were from many areas of Africa, but principally the West coast is possibly used for money or! Coast of West Africa in this Province: Outamba-Kilimi national Park to Sierra Premier! With just over 400,000 people recorded in the 2015 census Queen Victoria administration and the. The president is the leader of the 19th century ruling party in Sierra Leone Premier League RSLMF was as. Needed ] stevens also reduced ethnic polarisation in government by incorporating members various... Passengers died per cent of gross domestic product ( GDP ) in.... 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Almost three and half times it was in 1963 ( 2,180,355 ) major areas Yalunka Paramount of. Party in opposition of Albert Margai as Prime Minister course of 2007 those published weekly them... Trafficking became the major commodity and indigenes were sold as slaves would later improve transportation and movements between the and...

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